What are the main characteristics of an object-oriented approach?
(1) Object uniqueness. Each object has its own unique identification, through which the corresponding object can be found. Throughout the life of the object, its identification does not change, and different objects cannot have the same identification. (2) Abstractness. Categoricality refers to the abstraction of objects with consistent data structures (attributes) and behavior (operations) into classes. A class is such an abstraction that it reflects important properties relevant to the application and ignores some other irrelevant content. Any class delimitation is subjective, but it must be relevant to the specific application. (3) Inheritance. Inheritance is the mechanism by which subclasses automatically share the data structures and methods of the parent class, which is a relationship between classes. When defining and implementing a class, it is possible to build on top of a pre-existing class, taking what is defined by this pre-existing class as its own and adding several new elements. Inheritance is the most important feature that distinguishes object-oriented programming languages from other languages and is not found in other languages. In the class hierarchy, a subclass that inherits the data structures and methods of only one parent class is called unary inheritance. In the class hierarchy, when a subclass inherits data structures and methods from more than one parent class, it is called multiple inheritance. In software development, class inheritance makes the created software open and expandable, which is a proven method of organizing and classifying information, it simplifies the workload of creating objects and classes and increases the reusability of the code. Inheritance is used to provide a standardized hierarchy of classes. Through the inheritance relationship of the class, the public characteristics can be shared, which improves the reusability of the software. (4) Polymorphism (polymorphism) Polymorphism refers to the fact that the same operation or function or procedure can act on multiple types of objects and obtain different results. Different objects that receive the same message can produce different results, a phenomenon known as polymorphism. Polymorphism allows each object to respond to a common message in a way that suits it. Polymorphism enhances the flexibility and reusability of software. I hope you’ll adopt it.
What are the characteristics of the object-oriented approach?
The main features are as follows:
(1) The software system is constructed from the things that exist objectively in the problem domain, and the object is used as an abstract representation of these things and as the basic unit of the system.
(2) The static characteristics of things (i.e., the characteristics that may be expressed by some data) are expressed in terms of the properties of the object, and the dynamic characteristics of things (i.e., the behavior of things) are expressed in terms of the services of the object.
(3) The properties and services of an object are combined into a single entity, shielding its internal details from the outside world, i.e., encapsulation.
(4) Categorizing things. Objects with the same properties and services are grouped together in a class, the class is an abstract description of these objects, and each object is an example of its class.
(5) By applying the principle of abstraction in varying degrees, it is possible to obtain more general classes and more special classes. Special classes inherit the attributes and services of general classes, and object-oriented methods support the description and implementation of this inheritance relationship, thus simplifying the construction process of the system and its documentation.
(6) Complex objects can use simple objects as their building blocks, called aggregation.
(7) Objects communicate with each other through messages in order to realize dynamic connections between objects.
(8) Static relationships between objects are expressed through associations.
Three short-answer questions (5 points per question, a total of 10 points) 1 What are the characteristics of object-oriented methods in Java?
Object-oriented methods in Java have the following characteristics:
Encapsulation: Object-oriented methods combine data and behavior by encapsulating the attributes and methods of a class, so that the internal state of the object will not be directly accessed and modified by the outside world, thus guaranteeing the security and reliability of the data.
Inheritance: Object-oriented methods allow the creation of subclasses that inherit the attributes and methods of the parent class and can override the methods of the parent class, thus realizing code reusability and extensibility.
Polymorphism: Object-oriented methods achieve polymorphism through method overloading and overriding, realizing that the same method handles different parameter types and numbers, thus increasing the flexibility and readability of the code.
Abstraction: Object-oriented methods abstract attributes and methods that have commonality through the definition of interfaces and abstract classes, thus realizing abstraction and reducing code coupling.
Reusability: Object-oriented methods can encapsulate the properties and methods of an object into separate modules that can be reused in multiple programs or applications, improving code reusability.
Extensibility: Object-oriented methods can add new functions and features without changing the existing code through the definition of inheritance and interfaces, improving the extensibility of the code.
Maintainability: The object-oriented approach divides the code into separate modules and reduces the coupling of the code through encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and other features, which improves the readability and maintainability of the code.
What are the characteristics of object-oriented
Object-oriented features are: 1, abstraction, a class of things in the real world, extracted, represented by program code; 2, encapsulation, the process and data surrounded by the data can only be accessed through the interface has been defined; 3, inheritance, a kind of hierarchical model linking classes; 4, polymorphism, allowing different classes of objects to respond to the same message. ObjectOriented is a software development methodology, a programming paradigm.
Object-oriented concepts and applications have gone beyond programming and software development, expanding into areas such as database systems, interactive interfaces, application architecture, application platforms, distributed systems, network management structures, CAD technology, artificial intelligence. Object-oriented is relative to process-oriented, object-oriented approach, the relevant data and methods organized as a whole to view, from a higher level to the system modeling, closer to the natural mode of operation of things.
Basic Concepts
The meaning of object is a specific thing, that is, a thing that can be seen and touched in real life. In object-oriented programming, an object refers to a component of a computer system. In object-oriented programming, an object contains two meanings, one of which is data and the other is action. An object is a combination of data and action. Objects are not only capable of performing actions, but they are also capable of recording the results of the actions in a timely manner.
Basic Ideas
The main idea of ObjectOriented Programming (OOP) is to break down the various transactions that make up a problem into individual objects, which are created not to complete a step, but to depict the behavior of a thing throughout the steps of solving a problem. . The main concepts in object-oriented programming include: objects, classes, data abstraction, inheritance, dynamic binding, data encapsulation, polymorphism, and message passing. Through these concepts object oriented thinking is concretized.
What are the basic characteristics of an object in an object-oriented approach
What are the basic characteristics of an object in an object-oriented approach
The basic characteristics of an object include uniqueness of identity, categorization, polymorphism, encapsulation, and good module independence.
Objects have the following basic characteristics:
(1) Identification uniqueness. Objects are distinguishable and are distinguished by their intrinsic nature;
(2) Categorization. Objects with the same properties and operations can be abstracted into classes;
(3) Polymorphism. The same operation can be the behavior of different objects;
(4) Encapsulation. Only the external characteristics of the object can be seen, without needing to know the exact structure of the data and the algorithm that implements the operation;
(5) Module independence. Object-oriented is a unity consisting of data and the operations that can be applied to that data.